户籍制度在转轨时期的特点及其路径依赖

现阶段的户籍制度的特点：户籍上附着的经济利益大大减少;进城的门坎降低了,户籍的制度壁垒由正式制度与非正式制度共同构成,户籍制度壁垒的类别多样化。这是市场化和工业化在我国发展的产物。但是,渐进式、分权化的改革模式使户籍制度有较强的路径依赖。在改革中按“摸着石头过河”思路逐一推出的单项改革,在推进某一领域向新体制迈进的同时,却往往沿袭了城乡户籍分割的路径;向地方政府分权的举措,在推动地方经济发展的过程中,在某种程度上还固化着行政区之间的户籍壁垒。中央政府应在深化市场体制改革的同时,在转轨制度的设计上,把推进城市化、建立全国统一劳动力市场的大目标,作为一个重要的目标函数;同时积极推动地方政府职能的转变,把为外来工服务纳入地方政府政绩的考察内容。

Household Registration System in the Transitional Period :Characteristics and Path Dependence

The characteristics of existing household registration system are as follows:First,the financial profits produced by the household register have been greatly decreased,second,getting an urban citizenship becomes easier,and third,the institutional ramparts of household registration system are varied as a result of the fact that they are composed of formal and informal institutions.All the above are the outcomes of the development of market orientation and industrialization in China.However,its gradual and division-of-power reform leads to strong path dependence.In the reform period the single reform measure,adopted in light of the idea of"wading across the river by feeling out for stones",follows the old path of differing household registration in urban areas from that in rural areas.The measure concerning the decentralization of power in local governments,to some extent,has reinforced the barriers of household registration among administrative regions when pushing local economy forward.Therefore,when designing transitional institutions the central government should aim at accelerating urbanization and establishing an integrated labor force market while furthering the reform of market system.In addition,the central government should also give impetus to the conversion of local government functions.In the performance assessment of local governments,the service for non-native workers should be taken into consideration.