蒙台梭利的“工作”教育理论及其在幼儿园中的应用

“工作”是蒙台梭利教育理论中的一个基本概念,其实质和成人的工作是截然不同的,它是一种手脑结合,身心协调的活动。因其自由、自主、自助的特性,工作和游戏有着密切的联系,但它又不等同于游戏。工作能促进幼儿的生理和心理的发展,所以我们希望现实中的幼儿园活动能成为幼儿的“工作”。但幼儿园活动的实践并非如此。幼儿园里的活动要成为幼儿工作的关键是,幼儿园能为幼儿提供一个符合其需要的真实环境,以及在其中为幼儿提供满足身心发展的活动。

The Work from Montessori Educational Theory and its Application in the Kindergarten

The work is one of basic conceptions in Montessori's educational theory. Its nature is different from the work of the adult. It is an activity which is related to hands and head simultaneously. Because of its characteristic of freedom, self-determination and self-help ,the work has close connection with the game. But it is not the game. The wok can make effect on the child's physical and mental development. So we hope the activity of the kindergarten become the child's work. But the fact is not like that. The key is the environment that should accord with children's need and the activity that should meet their need of development.