文化纪念与情感形式--秦汉与古罗马城市纪念雕塑的公共性艺术比较

公元一世纪前后,位于欧亚大陆文明地带东西两端的中国秦汉、古罗马在纪念性雕塑上都取得了较高的成就,但就其纪念性雕塑的城市公共性而言,两者存在巨大的差异.在古罗马,城市纪念雕塑主要被置于整个城市的大环境中,和其他公共场所发生有机的联系,而在中国秦汉时代,缺乏像古罗马纪念雕塑的公共性特征,而是形成以陵墓雕塑为中心的纪念雕塑,依附于各种墓葬建筑而置于墓前或埋于地下,这与这一时期的罗马和秦汉的城市功能、宗教文化、社会阶层结构有极其密切的关系.根植于不同文化背景下的秦汉、古罗马的雕塑艺术在欧亚大陆两端交辉相映,为后来的东西方雕塑艺术发展奠定了基础和走向,展现了东西方文化各自的艺术魅力.

A Comparative Study of the Public Art Embodied by the Sculptures of Ancient Rome and Revealed by the Stone-Carving of China''''s Qin and Han Dynasties--Cultural Memories and Emotional Expressions

About 1 century A.D, there were great achievements on memorial sculpture in Qin&Han dynasty of China and ancient Rome, Which were separately located at the east and west of civil region in Euroasia. But there were lots of distinctions in respect of the city publicity of the memorial sculpture. In ancient Rome, the memorial sculptures of city were placed at the surroundings of the city, which were connected with other public areas. In Qin&Han dynasty of China, However, the memorial sculptures which were mainly tomb sculptures were attached to all kinds of tomb buildings and put before tomb or buried in the land, lacking the feature of publicity like those of ancient Rome. The differences were closely related with the different city function, religious culture, structure of social hierarchy etc. Rooted in the different backgrounds of culture, the sculptures of Qin&Han dynasty and ancient Rome in two ends of Euroasia continent, which laid a foundation and developmental orientation for the following sculptures of east and west, presented specific glamour of art of the culture in east and west.