斯宾诺莎之欲力的教育与实践:理性、情感与行动的平行共构

斯宾诺莎将欲力(conatus)定义为事物自我保存的倾向,该定义也适用于人身。我们可以把斯宾诺莎有关人身情感、共同观念乃至理性共同体看成是欲力在人身的发展系列:欲力的教育(education of conatus)与欲力的实践(praxis of conatus)。本文将从这两个方面分别讨论斯宾诺莎有关主动/被动情感的区分,以及如何透过这个区分背后的认识论范型使身体欲力由物理学的层次转向政治学与伦理学。我们将从欲力在斯宾诺莎哲学中的定义开始,将其联结到斯宾诺莎对人身情状的分析,并透过斯宾诺莎所谓的德性,说明正确观念(adequate idea)在被动情感转化成主动情感过程中所起到的教育作用以及最终所导致的对幸福的追求行动(action)。最后,我们将试图指出,这一欲力的实践学与教育学可能具有的政治与社会意涵。

Pedagogical and Practical Advance in Spinozan Conatus:A Parallel Perspecticve Towards Reason,Emotion and Action

For Spinoza,conatus is defined as striving for self-preservation.The human conatus makes its way from emotion,via adequate idea,and finally to action.Two important factors must be drawn to our focus in this process: passions educated into some sublimated emotions and emotions promoting real actions.Thus,we start with conatus and its embodiment in human affections,and then,in line with Spinoza's thoughts,we come to demonstrate how this development leads to adequate ideas,and its corresponding active emotions...