“狼来了”与后果主义

有关《狼来了》的道德劝诫故事虽然已被讨论过,然而其中有些模糊的概念仍然没有得到及时澄清。这个故事的劝诫逻辑是从一个对行动者自身利益有影响的坏的后果来说明我们为什么要遵守道德的约束,人们往往直观地把这种逻辑归结为功利主义的道德逻辑,进而对其展开批评。其实,功利主义也许并不能很好地适用于这个故事。作为功利主义道德哲学的后果主义伦理学能够说明这一点。

The Fable of The Shepherd-boy and the Wolf and Consequentialism

Although the well-known fable The Shepherd-boy and the Wolf had been discussed for a long time,some ambiguous conceptions still exist in these discussions.Because the fable tells people if they do immoral things they will receive a worse result in their own benefit,it is criticized for its value logic which boils down to utilitarianism.In fact,the value acclaimed by utilitarianism is not the same with individualism which is inherent in the fable.This can be clearly explained in consequentialism which is typical of utilitarianism.