试论生态旅游认证体系的建立和作用

在传统旅游业面临严峻的绿色环保批判的形势下，可持续旅游和生态旅游产品市场应运而生，认证体系作为一种对可持续旅游或生态旅游能清楚定位并提供有效运作的方法，具有提高企业形象和促进市场影响力的“双赢”性，已经被众多的旅游部门、组织、机构自愿或竞争性地接受。针对目前国内外生态旅游发展状况，本文对5个主要生态旅游认证机构（Green Globe21，Certificate for Sustainable Tourism，Green Deal，Smart Voyager，and Fair Trade Tourism in South Africa）在发展中国家的发展情况进行简单对比分析。

Certification System and Ecotourism

Increasing demand for sustainable tourism and ecotourism products has come along with green-washing criticisms and attempts to overcome the environmental problems in traditional tourism.Tourism certification has been promoted as an efficiency-based eco-saving tool to reduce environmental impacts and to gain competitive advantage,which plays an important role in improving industry performance and has an active influence on markets.This paper has briefly set forth the three factors(market characteristics,trip characteristics,certification and eco-labels) that influences the development of ecotourism,and then,five programs(Green Globe 21,Certificate for Sustainable Tourism,Green Deal,Smart Voyager,and Fair Trade Tourism in South Africa),of which are been operating partly or wholly in developing countries that have introduced socioeconomic criteria to complete the triple bottom line of sustainability.