莱布尼茨的世界文化观及其当代价值——兼及文化权益与文化哲学的使命

对于人类即将进入的“第二轴心期时代”,莱布尼茨的文化哲学具有重要的启迪价值。莱布尼茨是一个喜欢并善于调和与综合的哲学家。在莱布尼茨看来,世界文化是个多样性的整体,文化的他者有其不可替代的价值,知识与科学是文化统一的有力杠杆,中国文化是世界上最伟大的文化之一,它是欧洲文化的对手而非克星。因此,应当宽容平等地对待其他文化,文化各方不应是以哪一方压倒另一方而结束,而是通过各种力量的合理分配实现统一。人类文化的融合是一个必然过程,前定和谐、多样性统一和最终完满是文化融合的基本环节。多样性统一的文化观念源于莱布尼茨一向的哲学主张。欧洲文化传统及当时的社会形势为莱布尼茨提供了思想的温床。个人的独特经历和学术趣味为莱布尼茨文化哲学提供了个案基础。作为莱布尼茨本体论基石的单子范畴,除了自然属性外,也具有伦理和文化属性。由单子所构成的多样性统一的世界,为莱布尼茨文化哲学的建构奠定了系统坚实的思想基础。今天,全球的一体化更需要维护文化的多样性。人类应学会像莱布尼茨那样对待他者文化,正在和平崛起的中国也应对莱布尼茨的文化理想作出自己的回应。为了继续前进,“为了照亮我们这个时代的历史”,我们至少应有莱布尼茨那样的洞见、胸怀和信念。

Leibniz's Conception of World Culture and Its Contemporary Value: Also on Cultural Interests and the Mission of Cultural Philosophy

Leibniz's cultural philosophy possesses important value of edification regarding "the age of second axis",into which human beings are going to enter.In Leibniz's opinion,world culture is an integration of diversity,so cultural others have values of their own,which are not substitutable;and knowledge and science are a power lever of cultural unity.And a culture should not end by one overwhelming another,but seek to realize unity by rational division;that is,one should be tolerant and equal to another.Practically, the fusion of human cultures is a necessary process;and harmony preconcerted,unity of diversity,and final perfection are the basic steps toward that goal.So nowadays,the global unification particularly needs to maintain the diversities of cultures.And human beings should treat other cultures just as Leibniz did. Peacefully growing China should also give response to Leibniz's ideal of culture.We should possess Lebniz's insight,mind,and belief,so as to make continuous advancements and "to light the history of our age".