产业集群和工业园区发展中的企业邻近与集聚辨析

在“产业集群”风靡我国的时候，两种倾向尤为显著：一是将企业集中到工业园区发展，二是在城市或区域内打造和拉伸产业链。这引发了两个基本的问题，其一，企业的地理邻近是否一定有利于企业和区域竞争力的提高？其二，产业链是否一定要在本区域中打造？本文回顾了国内外相关文献，并分析了我国的实例后提出，为提高区域和城市竞争力与创新能力，不仅要重视企业的地理邻近，更重要的是促进产业联系的形成和增强．既包括近距离的联系，也包括关系邻近而地理距离遥远的产业联系。那种简单地把产业集群与工业园区混淆，以及把产业集群发展看成本地产业链的打造都是有害的．

Differentiating Industrial Proximity and Agglomeration in the Development of Clusters and Parks

Industrial cluster is perhaps in the most chaotic and fashionable phrase in China's regional development today.There are alternative prevailing opinions on Chinese development of industrial clusters.The first is spatial proximity-to get the scattered firms together in the industrial parks.The second is to forge and elongate industrial chain.It eludes two basic questions,does geographical proximity surely benefit for enhancing the industrial and regional competition;must industrial chain be made in its region.After reviews the relative internal and overseas literatures and analyzes the cases of our country,the paper puts forward that,in order to enhance the regional and city innovation competence,we should not only pay attention to the geographical proximity of industry,but also improve forming and enhancing the industrial linkage.It includes the industrial linkage that has close range and that has far range but close linkage.It is harmful to confuse industrial cluster with industrial park and regard the development of industrial cluster as the construction of industrial chain.