生态批评研究综述

生态批评是在全球性日益恶化的生态环境和日益深化的生态危机的语境下、在目前风起云涌的绿色运动的感召下，在文学批评领域掀起的一股“绿色”批评浪潮。其目的在于通过文学批评来重新审视文化，进行文化反思、文化批判，颠覆、挑战、揭露和批判导致环境恶化和生态危机的思想根源——人类中心主义，唤醒人类的生态保护意识。生态批评的理论内涵是：重新阐释文学作品，挖掘生态文学作品中体现出来的生态意识和生态智慧，批判渗透着人类中心主义的反生态文学作品，重新建构文学经典，促成生态文学的繁荣，重新铸就一种生态文明时代的生态人文精神．并担负起引领科技进一步发展的历史重任。从而建立一个人与自然和谐相处、物种平等、生态平衡的社会．以实现可持续发展。

A Summary of Ecocriticism

Ecocriticism is a literary critical school rising in the 1990s with th e intensification of ecological crisis. Ecocriticism, focusing on environmental protection, with ecological consciousness raising as its most important task, is the study of the relationship between literature and environment. By introd ucing the principles of ecology to literary study, ecocriticism opens up a new f ield for literary study. The birth of ecocriticism will certainly promote the de velopment and prosperity of ecological literature, and exert an inestimable opin ion-guiding impact on the relief of the ecological crisis and the realization o f sustainable development. Influenced by Deconstructionism, ecocriticism takes an thropocentrism as its target and carries out literary studies by the following m ethodology: studying how nature is represented in literary works, exposing speci es discrimination; reconsidering literary works from the perspective of nature t o dig out ecological wisdom; criticizing anti-ecological literature; constructi ng ecocritical theory based on ecological philosophy and ecological ethics.