美国联邦政府国际学生教育政策的 价值取向评析

二战后，美国联邦政府的国际学生教育政策在美国例外论、多元文化主义和实用主义价值观影响下，呈现出注重文化输出与国防安全、倡导技术移民、坚持国家利益至上的价值取向。后“9·11”时代，美国又确立了将国际学生教育作为保护国家安全和知识产权的重要屏障、吸纳海外科技创新人才的主要手段和提高经济效益的关键途径的政策理念。美国经验表明，国际学生教育政策可以与国家安全、经济贸易、文化外交、全球竞争力等多方面利益相融合，有效支撑国家发展战略。在全球学生流动受阻与大国博弈的背景下，美国的国际学生教育政策也暴露出深受外部环境牵制、吸引高科技人才政策缺乏稳定性、难以抵御高等教育财政风险的弊端。

An Analysis of the Value Orientation in International Student Education Policy of the United States Federal Government

Under the influence of American exceptionalism, multiculturalism and pragmatism, the U.S. federal government''s international student education policy displayed a value orientation of focusing on cultural export and national defense security, advocating high-skilled immigration, and adhering to the supremacy of national interests respectively after World War II. In the post-9·11 era, the United States has established the policy concept of taking international student education as an important barrier to protect national security and intellectual property rights, as the main means to attract overseas scientific and technological innovation talents, and as a key way to improve economic benefits. The experience of the United States shows that the international student education policy can be integrated with the interests of national security, economics and trade, cultural diplomacy, and global competitiveness to effectively support the national development strategy. Against the complex background of the obstruction of global student flow and great power games, it should be noted that the international student education policy has profoundly exposed the drawbacks of being deeply constrained by the external environment, lacking policy stability in attracting high-tech talents, and having difficulty in resisting the financial risks of higher education.