神本主义对专制和民本的超越--墨家“尚同”说评议

学术界对于墨子“尚同”说一般持两种对立的观点，即一派主张“尚同”专制说，另一派主张“尚同”民主说。我们认为，这一论争主要源于对“专制”概念的抽象化理解和墨子“尚同”说的复杂性。墨子“尚同”说既有“专制”又有“民主”，然而这两者皆非“尚同”说的本质所在，其本质是超越人治的神本主义，即“尚同”说的本质在“尚同于天”，其价值也就在于此。另外，通过与基督教“合一”理论进行比较，指出墨子“尚同说”存在着一定的局限性。

Transcendence of Divinitism on Autocracy and Democracy---Review on Mo-tse＇s Identifying with the Superior

The academic community generally holds two opposing points of view for Mo-tse＇s Identifying With the Superior. One group advocated that Identifying with the Superior was autocratic while the other group thought Identifying With the Superior was democratic. We believe that this debate is mainly due to abstract understanding of “autocracy” and the complexity of Mo-tse＇s opinion of Identifying with the Superior. There are both “autocracy” and “democracy” in Mo-tse＇s opinion of Identifying with the Superior but neither is the essence of the opinion. Its essence is divinitism which is beyond the rule of man. The essence of the opinion is Identifying with the God and its value lies in this as well. In addition, there are some limitations in Identifying with the Superior by comparing with Christian theory of “unity”.