热力学基本方程的适用条件

根据是否有与之相对应的状态参量,将功分为两种类型：第一种类型有相应的状态参量,如弹簧或橡皮筋的变形功、表面功、电介质的极化功、磁介质的磁化功;第二种类型没有对应的状态参量,如搅拌功、电功。通过对热力学基本关系式的适用条件的详细讨论,总结得到：无论过程是否可逆,也不管过程中是否有第二种类型的功,热力学基本关系式均适用。

Limitation of Master Equation of Thermodynamics

According to whether the state parameters should be relative with the work,the work will be divided into two types：the type of the corresponding state parameters,such as the deformation work of the spring or the rubber band,surface work,the polarization work of the dielectric medium,the magnetization work of the magnetic medium;the type of being no corresponding state parameters,such as stirring work,electric work of electrochemical cell.The limitations of the master equation of thermodynamics are discussed in detail in this paper.To sum up,regardless of whether the process is reversible,regardless of whether the process has second types of power,the basic relation of thermodynamics can be applied.