中国菰资源及其应用价值的研究

中国菰Z.Latifolia Griseb(Turcz)]是木本科菰属（Zinania Linnaeus)4种植物之一，是一种多年水生草本植物。我国从周代开始已有3000多年的应用记载。对中国南四湖、洪湖、洪泽湖、太湖、巢湖、白马湖、高邮湖、骆马湖、石臼湖、宝应湖的野生菰资源的调查显示，其菰草总面积大约488km2,估计每年菰草和菰米产量分别约是55×104t和1.8×104t。实验室和人群研究表明，中国菰米食用安全、风味独特，未见致突变作用和人体毒副作用；其蛋白质储量达13.2%，蛋白质功效比值达2.75；富含无机盐和B族维生素。菰草粉中蛋白质、脂肪、灰分、钙和磷含量分别是7.4%、2.3%、1.2%、0.49、和0.12%。菰植物的根、茎、叶、果都有多种用途和功能，具有很高的经济价值，亟待科学、合理、综合地开发利用。

ON CHINESE ZIZANIA L. RESOURCES AND THEIR UTILIZATION VALUE

Chinese wild rice ［Z. Latifolia Griseb (Turcz)］ is one of the perennial herbaceous aquatic plants amongest the four species of Zizania Linnaeus of Gramineae. The record on the utilization of Chinese wild rice can be traced back over 3 000 years ago since Zhou Dynasty in China. The investigation results on the plant resources of Chinese wild rice in Nansi, Honghu, Hongze, Taihu, Chaohu, Baima, Gaoyou, Luoma, Shijin and Baoying lakes showed that the wild rice covers a total area of 488km2 with annual output of wild rice grass and grain being 55×104tons and 1.8×104 tons respectively. The biological features of Chinese wild rice differ greatly from those of North American wild rice. The results of tests and population research indicated that Chinese wild rice crops are non-toxic, delicious and free from disease and adverse effect. The protein content of Chinese wild rice is 13.2%, protein efficiency ratio is 2.75 and amino acid score is 84 with rich minerals and vitamin B. The contents of protein, fat, ash, calcium and phosphorus in the powder of Chinese wild rice are 7.4%, 2.3%, 1.2%, 0.49% and 0.12% respectively. The root, stem, leaf and caryopsis of the plant have multi functions and ways of use with high economic value, awaiting to be developed and utilized in a scientific, rational and comprehensive way.