Intercultural competence in tourism and hospitality: Self-efficacy beliefs and the Dunning Kruger effect |
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| Affiliation: | 1. 1575 San Ignacio Ave, Penthouse, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, Center for Advanced Analytics, Baptist Health South Florida, United States;1. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management, Griffith University, Australia;2. Department of Hospitality & Tourism Management, Isenberg School of Management, University of Massachusetts, United States;1. University of Helsinki, Faculty of Educational Sciences, 00014, Finland;2. Tampere University, Faculty of Education and Culture, 33014, Finland;1. School of Foreign Languages, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;2. School of Foreign Languages, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China;1. Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, 202 South 36th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA;2. Department of Health Policy and Management, Texas A&M University, USA;3. History & Political Science Department, Utah Valley University, USA |
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| Abstract: | This study aims to measure intercultural competence (awareness) of tourism and hospitality employees who tend to be in continuous interaction with intercultural customers. By comparing the results of a self-report awareness test/scale with the results of a knowledge-based test, the study shows that employees not only have extremely low intercultural competence, they also exaggerate their intercultural awareness/competence. Hence, in addition to the implications for intercultural competence/awareness of tourism and hospitality employees and for the businesses for which they work, the study has also implications regarding the measurement ability of self-report scales/tests. |
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| Keywords: | Intercultural awareness Intercultural competence Self-report Scales Cross-cultural Hospitality Dunning Kruger |
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