清末日本教习补遗与式微因由考析

日本教习是近代中国教育体系建构过程中应时出现的特殊群体，自1902年开始正式受聘清国，至辛亥革命爆发、满清覆灭历经十余载，渡清人数达至千人以上。他们在中国尚处萌芽期的蒙养院，各类初、中、高等学堂从事教育活动，教授多门近代科目，不过在日本教习与学堂间催生的各类龃龉、赴日留学生渐次归国、西方教育势力涉入及明治政府态度漠然等诸重背景的交糅下，日本教习最终由盛至衰退出中国教坛，成为影响中国教育近代化发展的历史群体之一。

Additional Remarks about the Japanese Faculty and the Reasons for Leaving China in the Late Qing Dynasty

More than 1,000 Japanese teachers as a special group in modern Chinese educational development, formally employed in China since 1902, from the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911 to the demise of the Qing Dynasty, were engaged in educational activities in modern subjects in primary schools, middle and high schools, and higher learning institutions, as well as kindergartens still in infancy. But, due to various contradictions between Japanese teachers and schools, students’ return from Japan, emergence of western education, and indifferent attitude of the Meiji administration, Japanese teachers finally retreated from the Chinese teaching circle, declining as one of the historical groups that influenced the development of modern Chinese education.