国际移民对目的国经济增长及劳动市场影响研究

国际移民是国际人口流动的主要方式,它对目的国经济增长和劳动力市场产生重要作用。文章运用经济合作与发展组织(OECD)国家相关数据考察了国际移民对OECD国家经济及劳动市场的影响,得到以下结论:第一,移民流量对经济增长的影响不显著,但移民存量能够显著促进经济增长,即移民对经济增长的影响存在长期效应。第二,移民流量对目的国本地居民失业率影响显著,移民流量增加1%,失业率下降0.18%;移民存量同样能够显著降低本地居民失业率,移民存量增加1%,本地居民失业率下降0.48%。移民对失业率影响的长期效应大于短期效应。第三,移民流量及移民存量对目的国本地不同性别人口失业率影响均显著为负。第四,移民流量对本地居民工资水平的影响不显著,但是移民存量能够显著提升本地居民的工资水平。第五,移民存量能够同时降低高工资人员比例与低工资人员比例,进而在一定程度上缩小收入差距。第六,移民流量对目的国性别工资差异影响不显著,但是移民存量能够显著降低目的国性别工资差异。由此可见,国际移民显著影响目的国经济增长与劳动力市场,但是异质型国际移民对目的国经济增长及不同类型劳动市场的就业和工资水平的影响存在差异。

The Impact of International Immigration on the Economic and Labor Market of Destination Countries

Immigration as a major mode of population movement has a significant impact on a country's economy.This paper examines the impact of immigration on the economy and labor market of OECD countries using relevant data from OECD countries.The following conclusions are found:first,the impact of immigration on economic growth is not significant,adding relevant control variables,the results are still robust.The stock of immigrants can significantly promote economic growth,and the conclusion is still robust after adding control variables.That means there is a long-term effect of immigration on economic growth.Second,the immigration flow has a significant impact on the unemployment rate of the local residents in the host country.The immigration flow increases by 1%and the unemployment rate decreases by 0.18%.The stock of immigrants can also significantly reduce the unemployment rate of local residents,the stock of immigrants has increased by 1 %,and the unemployment rate of local residents has dropped by 0.48%.The long-term effect of the immigration on the unemployment rate is greater than the short-term effect.Third,the impact of immigration flow and immigration stock on the local gender unemployment rate in the host country is significantly negative.Fourth,the impact of immigration flow on local wage level is not significant in the short term,but immigration stock can significantly improve the wage level of local residents.Fifth,the immigration stock can reduce the proportion of high-wage personnel and low-wage personnel at the same time,and thus to a certain extent narrow the income gap.Sixth,immigration flow has no significant effect on gender wage differences in host countries,but immigration stock can significantly reduce gender wage differences in host countries.It can be seen that international immigration significantly affects the economic growth of destination countries and the labor market,but there are differences in the impact of heterogeneous international immigration on the economic growth of destination countries and the employment and wage levels in different labor markets.