不同学科分类方案下不同学科标准化方法效果的比较研究

目的/意义] 探究不同学科分类方案对于学科标准化方法效果的影响，并比较不同学科标准化方法的效果。方法/过程] 在Web of Science学科分类方案下就比均值法、比中位数法、Z-score法这三种常用的标准化方法的效果进行比较研究；变更不同粒度的学科分类方案，对这三种标准化方法在Essential Science Indicators （ESI）、经济合作与发展组织（OECD）学科分类方案下的敏感性进行实证检验。结果/结论] 结果显示，使用不同学科分类方案并未对各标准化方法的效果产生较大影响，各标准化方法的效果基本保持不变。从CCDF引文分布曲线的图形上来看，使用三种标准化方法处理后的CCDF曲线形状较原始引文的CCDF曲线形状明显更加聚拢，并且三种标准化方法在更换不同粒度的学科分类方案后引文分布情况仍大致相同。结合top z%法从定量数值的角度再次进行检验，可以发现，三种标准化方法的效果在变更不同粒度的学科分类方案后基本保持不变，并呈现出如下规律：在截取全局top30%以下论文时，比均值法、Z-score法的标准化效果虽然略有不同，但是都优于比中位数法；截取top30%-40%阶段论文时，Z-score法的优势较为突出；截取top40%以上论文时，比中位数法则呈现出明显优于其他两者的效果。

Comparison of Field Normalization Effects Based on Different Discipline Classification Schemes

Purpose/significance]This paper aims to analyze the impact of different discipline classification schemes on field normalization effects,and compare the field normalization effects of different field normalization methods in different discipline classification schemes.Method/process]This study focused on two aspects:first,compared the effect of the mean method、median method and Z-score method under the Web of Science classification scheme;second,changed the different discipline classification schemes to test the sensitivity of the three field normalization methods under the Essential Science Indicators(ESI)and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)classification schemes.Result/conclusion]The results show that the disciplinary classification scheme does not have a significant impact on field normalization effects,and the effects of field normalization methods under different discipline classification schemes remain basically unchanged.Judging from the CCDF distribution graph,the citation distribution after using the three field normalization methods is obviously closer than the original citation count,and the citation distribution of the three field normalization methods after changing the discipline classification scheme with different granularity is still roughly the same.When the top z%method is used to numerically test the field normalization effect,it is found that the effects of the three field normalization methods remain basically unchanged after changing the different discipline classification schemes,and show the following laws:When intercepting papers below 30%of the global top,the Z-score method is slightly different than the mean method,but both are better than the median method;30%-40%stage,Z-score method shows obvious advantages;more than 40%,the median method is significantly better than the other two methods.