从语言测试的诸要素看普通话水平测试的真实性和有效性

测试员是影响测试效度直至真实性的最重要因素。普通话水平测试成绩主要来自测试人员的以下方面：1．评判标准；2．语言的感知能力；3．方音隔离；4．测试观与语音审美的趋向。要保证测试成绩的真实性和有效性，需要从三个因素来考虑对策：第一，测试的总体有用性需要实现最大化而不是强调某个影响测试有效性的独立因素；第二，测试的单个要素不能单独评价而是需要对它们对总体有用性的联合作用进行评价；第三，测试的有效性以及各个要素之间的合理平衡由特定的测试环境来决定。

The Authenticity and Effectiveness of Putonhua Test from the Elements of Language Test

Test controller is the important element to influence directly the test effectiveness and authenticity. Putonghua standard test grade comes mainly from the aspects of test controllers below： 1. Evaluation standard. 2. Language perception ability. 3. Dialect segregation. 4. Test view and pronunciation aesthetic trend. In order to guarantee the authenticity and effectiveness of the test grades, there are three elements to think over to do： First, the test effectiveness need to be realized as maximization not to stress certain independent element influencing the test validity. Second, the single element of test can＇t be evaluated alone but to evaluate it as the union function for the whole. Third, the effectiveness of test and the reasonable balance of all the elements should be decided by the special testing environment.