“闲”与“适”的文化解读——以对白居易闲适诗的考察为基础

“闲”之意义的最终指向是心灵和审美。“闲”作为审美主体的心态表征,一般具有情志充足、心灵澄澈、意虑平静、神思悠然的美学内涵和特点。庄子“心之适”的审美思想,重在求取心性的舒爽和心志的顺遂,重视个体与关注自我,追求精神的自由和享受。以儒家思想为精神内质,以道家思想为表现个性,以释家思想来调剂补充的中国古代的“闲”与“适”的审美理念,构成闲适文化的思想内核,导引着包括白居易在内的诗人们的闲适文化心性的走向。

A Cultural Interpretation of "Leisure" and "Comfort"——Under the Basis of Inspecting Bai Juyi''''s Xianshi Poem

the ultimate meaning of "leisure" goes to soul and aesthetics."Leisure",as the emotional token of the main body of aesthetics,possesses the connotation and the characteristic of aesthetics: sufficient passion and will, limpid soul,quite mind,and carefree idea.Zhuang Zi's aesthetic thoughts,"leisure of soul",lay particular emphasis on obtaining comfortable temperament and well willpower,attach importance to individual and pay attention to atman,pursue free spirit and enjoyment.Taking Confucian thoughts as its spirit essence,Taoism as its expression of individuality,Buddhism as its supplement,the aesthetic theory of "leisure" and "comfort" of ancient China makes up of the kernel of Xianshi culture,and guides poets,including Bai Juyi,tend to Xianshi culture.