国际河流开发与管理区域合作模式的影响因素分析

开展有效的国际河流区域合作方式，寻求流域内外社会经济、生态环境效益的最大化，是国际河流开发与管理发展的趋势。系统掌握和正确理解影响国际河流区域合作模式的各种因素，是加强国际河流开发与管理的重要途径。本文利用国际合作理论和系统分析方法，从多角度出发，提出影响国际河流区域合作模式的多因素综合分析框架。这一框架包含的主要因素有：①国际河流系统的特点与存在问题；②流域各国的利益诉求；③政治环境；④国际涉水制度；⑤区域相关的合作制度与机制；⑥第三方参与；⑦观念文化等。其中前两者构成了影响国际河流区域合作模式的内部因素，后五者为外部影响因素。这些因素直接影响到国际河流各种区域合作模式的条约和法规政策、组织结构及能力发展、合作路径与方法等。国际河流本身的特点以及所在地区环境条件的差异也决定了各种影响因素发挥作用的程度。利用这一综合分析框架方法，可以对各种国际河流合作实践模式进行深入的分析与评价．并可提出改进对策。

A Study of the Comprehensive Analysis Framework of Influencing Factors on Regional Cooperation of International Rivers

It is the development trend in international rivers management cooperation in the future to carry out effective regional cooperation and seek maximization of socio-economic and eco-environmental benefits from river basins. It is an important approach to systemically studying and correctly understanding the influencing factors on regional cooperation of international rivers for strengthening international rivers management cooperation. Based on the international regime theory and systematic analysis methodology, this study developed a comprehensive analysis framework (CAF) for analyzing the influencing factors on international rivers cooperation from multiple perspectives. Main influencing factors under the comprehensive analysis framework include the following: 1) characteristics and issues of international river systems; 2) interests claim of river basin countries; 3) political context; 4) external water related regimes; 5) other regional relevant cooperation regimes and institutions; 6) third party involvement; and 7) cultural and values. The fore two factors comprise the internal influencing factors of the CAF, and the sequent five factors comprise the external influencing factors of the CAF. All the factors directly influence the development of treaties and policies on international rivers management cooperation, institutional structure and capacity development, cooperative management approaches and methodologies. The different characteristics and regional context and conditions of different international rivers also determine the roles of various factors. The CAF methodology may be applied to analyze and assess a variety of international river regional cooperation practices, and then put forward improvement solutions.