鄂尔多斯主体功能区划分及其土地可持续利用模式分析

主体功能区划分和土地可持续利用模式设计,对解决我国经济快速发展过程中社会经济和生态环境之间出现的矛盾具有重要的意义。选取位于我国北方农牧交错带的鄂尔多斯市为研究区,以全市52个乡（镇、苏木）作为基本研究单元,采用研究区2008年数据,基于资源环境承载力、现有开发密度和区域发展潜力,从土地资源、水资源、矿产资源、生态安全度、土地利用强度、水资源开发强度、矿产资源开发强度、区位优势、科技潜力和经济活力等构建了主体功能区划分的指标体系,并运用变异系数法确定各指标权重,最终采用聚类分析与三维魔方图相结合的方法,将鄂尔多斯主体功能区划分为优化开发区、I级重点开发区、Ⅱ级重点开发区、限制开发区和禁止开发区,提出了五类主体功能区的协调发展机制和各功能区未来发展定位。分别选择各主体功能区内部的典型乡镇,优化开发区的达拉特旗树林召镇、I级重点开发区的伊金霍洛旗乌兰木伦镇、Ⅱ级重点开发区的乌审旗苏力德苏木和限制开发区的鄂托克旗阿尔巴斯苏木,基于1978年、1988年、2000年和2008年土地覆被数据,通过近30年来的土地利用变化和景观格局的分析,结合主体功能区的总体定位提出了土地可持续利用模式。结果对推进当地生态重建和促进土地可持续利用提供科学的支撑。

A Study on Major Function-Oriented Zoning and Sustainable Land Use Patterns of Ordos

Major function-oriented zoning (MFOZ) and design of sustainable land use patterns are of great significance to ease the contradictions between the economy and the environment over the course of rapid development in China. The authors investigated Ordos City in a farming-grazing transitional zone of northern China, with 52 townships being selected as the fundamental planning units. Based on economic and statistical data of 2008 and considering resources and environmental capacity, development density, and potential of future development, an evaluation index system for dividing MFOZ was built, including indices of land resources, water resources, mineral resources, ecological safety, intensity of land use, intensity of development of water resources, intensity of development of mineral resources, location advantages, and technological potential and economic vitality. The weights of each index were determined by the variation coefficient method. By Cluster analysis and the three-dimensional cube graph method, the MFOZ of Ordos was divided into five major development zones, i.e., optimal development zone, level I major development zone, level II major development zone, restricted development zone, and forbidden development zone. Finally, orientations of these development zones and their coordinated development were proposed. Typical townships were chosen for further analysis of land use change, i.e., Shulinzhao township in Dalad Banner, Wulanmulun township in Ejin Horo Banner, Sulide sumu in Uxin Banner, and Aerbasi sumu in Otog Banner. Based on data of land cover of 1978, 1988, 2000, and 2008, the sustainable land use pattern was proposed by accounting for the overall positioning of the main function. The preferred patterns of sustainable land use in each typical township were 1) for Shulinzhao township, it is better to exploit grassland and construction land sufficiently so as to protect arable land, forest and water body, and to develop unused land reasonably; 2) for Wulanmulun township, it is better to develop unused land suitably to increase the intensity of arable land and construction land, and to protect forest and water body; 3) for Sulide sumu, it could adopt the same mode of sustainable land use as Wulanmulun township, but less intense in land development; and 4) For Aerbasi sumu, it is better to protect and regulate land resources, and exploit unused land reasonably. These results would be helpful for promoting ecological reconstruction and sustainable land use over the study area.