条约文本与实践:晚清上海港引水权的丧失

条约文本与实践的互动，提供了观察近代中国主权丧失的新视角。鸦片战争之后签订的不平等条约，是上海港引水权丧失的法理基础。基于条约文本之上的不对称性实践，才是引水权丧失的持续动因和深层内容。但后人往往忽略这种互动，误将“文本”当作历史。

Treaty Text and Practice: the Loss of Pilotage Right at the Port of Shanghai in Late Qing Dynasty

The interaction of treaty texts and practice provides a new approach for studying the loss of sovereignty in modern China. Unequal treaties signed after the Opium War become legal foundation for the loss of pilotage right at the port of Shanghai, and the asymmetric practice based on the treaty texts is the continuous reason and inner content of the loss of sovereignty. But later researchers often neglect this interaction and regard the treaty texts as real history.