一场可怕的错误：《尤利西斯》与《奥德修纪》的对应

从来没有人怀疑过《尤利西斯》与《奥德修纪》之间的对应关系其实是可笑的、荒谬的。由于与《奥德修纪》的对应关系已经成为《尤利西斯》研究的一个不变的模式，半个多世纪以来，它几乎成了评判《尤利西斯》的一个不容置疑的标准。但现代主义的批评矛头直接指向的就是传统的英雄人物和神话传说。在各种先锋运动风起云涌的时代，使用希腊神话不但是错误的，而且反动的。现代艺术的真正英雄是大众；现代传奇是漫画，而不是神话。就像乔伊斯自己所承认的，在现代文学中使用神话是一个可怕的错误，而造成这一错误的根本原因不过是为了追求小说销量的市场效应。

A Terrible Mistake:Correspondence of Ulysses and Odyssey

Nobody suspects that the correspondence of Ulysses to Odyssey is ridiculous.The correspondence has become a model and criterion of studying Ulysses since 1920s.In fact,traditional heroes and mythology are the blaming targets of modernism.It is not only fallacious but also reactionary to use mythology at the time when the various avant-garde movements appeared.The real hero of modern art is the multitude; modern romance is a caricature rather than a mythology.According to Joyce,using mythology in modern lite...