生态系统服务与人类福祉——文献综述与分析框架

生态系统提供了几乎所有的人类福祉要素,但在决策过程中决策者常常忽视生态系统服务的价值.本文从生态系统服务和人类福祉的关系出发,对国内外关于人类福祉的测度指标、生态系统服务对人类福祉的贡献、权衡保护生态与促进发展等方面进行了全面综述.在此基础上,分析了生态系统服务与人类福祉研究领域的发展趋势,包括人类福祉的多指标测度、科学的生态系统服务消费模型构建、弱势群体的生态服务收益以及自然科学与社会科学融合4个方面.最后,在综合相关文献的基础上,从人类福祉的多尺度测度、生态系统服务的分配与消费和生态政策过程参与3个方面出发,构建了分析生态系统服务与人类福祉之间关系的框架,并指出分配与消费环节是人类福祉实现的关键,为系统研究生态系统变化对人类福祉的影响提供理论和方法上的支持.

Overview and Frame Work for Ecosystem Services and Human Well-being

Ecosystems provide almost all the elements required for human well-being, but the value of ecosystem services is often ignored by decision-makers. The concept of human well-being is based on anthropology, economics, psychology, and sociology. Ecosystem services are defined as the benefits derived from the ecological system. Within social systems, the distribution and consumption of ecosystem services is a complicated problem across different social groups and is affected by the accessibility of ecosystem services, family size, level of education, poverty and vulnerability, social relations, the rights of capital regulation, ability, gender and acquiring mechanisms. Here, we discuss trends in ecosystem service research and human well-being, including multi-indicator measures of human well-being, realistic consumption models of ecosystem services, the ecological profits of vulnerable groups and the fusion of the natural and social sciences. In the future, we should focus on objective and subjective well-being and building a comprehensive index model for measuring human well-being. Scale is important in the evaluation and measurement of the impact of ecosystem services on human well-being. How people benefit from ecosystem services depends on complex mechanisms. Allocation and consumption are not automatically balanced and these are the key to realizing human well-being. Drawing on literature on the multi-scale measure of human well-being, the allocation and consumption of ecosystem services, and participation of ecological policy processes, we build an analytic framework for the theoretical and methodological analysis of ecosystem changes and human well-being, especially for vulnerable groups.