Application of land use regression for estimating concentrations of major outdoor air pollutants in Jinan, China

SO₂, NO₂, and PM₁₀ are the major outdoor air pollutants in China, and most of the cities in China have regulatory monitoring sites for these three air pollutants. In this study, we developed a land use regression (LUR) model using regulatory monitoring data to predict the spatial distribution of air pollutant concentrations in Jinan, China. Traffic, land use and census data, and meteorological and physical conditions were included as candidate independent variables, and were tabulated for buffers of varying radii. SO₂, NO₂, and PM₁₀ concentrations were most highly correlated with the area of industrial land within a buffer of 0.5 km (R ²=0.34), the distance from an expressway (R ²=0.45), and the area of residential land within a buffer of 1.5 km (R ²=0.25), respectively. Three multiple linear regression (MLR) equations were established based on the most significant variables (p<0.05) for SO₂, NO₂, and PM₁₀, and R ² values obtained were 0.617, 0.640, and 0.600, respectively. An LUR model can be applied to an area with complex terrain. The buffer radii of independent variables for SO₂, NO₂, and PM₁₀ were chosen to be 0.5, 2, and 1.5 km, respectively based on univariate models. Intercepts of MLR equations can reflect the background concentrations in a certain area, but in this study the intercept values seemed to be higher than background concentrations. Most of the cities in China have a network of regulatory monitoring sites. However, the number of sites has been limited by the level of financial support available. The results of this study could be helpful in promoting the application of LUR models for monitoring pollutants in Chinese cities.