高原或低氧环境下脱水与补液的研究进展

高原或低氧环境下体液平衡的改变主要表现为脱水和尿钠排泄。这与低氧刺激下交感神经兴奋性提高,外周化学感受器激发肾脏反应及体液调节激素的改变有关。低氧刺激使机体对营养素和液体的要求提高,但摄入降低,因此,机体应当补充足够的营养素和富含碳水化合物及电解质的液体。综述了高原或低氧环境下机体的体液平衡改变及其机制,提出了低氧下补液的主要原则,并指出了亟待研究的主要问题。

Research on Dehydration and Rehydration at Altitude or under Hypoxia Exposure

This paper summarized the body fluid balance change which showing the dehydration and natriuresis at altitude or under hypoxia exposure.The mechanism of this dehydration is due to the increased sympathetic activity and renal response stimulated by peripheral arterial chemoreceptor and change of fluid regulation hormones.The hypoxia resulted in the higher requirement of nutriments,but the intake of food and fluid was decreased by inhibited appetite.Adequate nutrients and fluids containing plenty of carbohydrates and electrolytes were recommended for the hypoxia training at altitude.