“整理国故”与五四新文化运动

长期以来,“整理国故运动”被视为一股反动的思想逆流迭遭物议,批评它背离了五 四新文化的方向。而实际上,“整理国故运动”作为五四新文化运动孕育的产物,不仅没有与之相 背离,而且还是它在学术文化领域的延续和深化,进一步有力地推动了中国现代学术转型。具体 说来,在研究态度与目的上,胡适等人主张用“评判的态度”去“整理国故”,“还他一个本来面目”, 这一思想明显继承了五四新文化的理性批判精神;而在研究对象与方法上,他们也倡导以一种 “平等的眼光”扩大“整理国故”的范围,并号召“以科学的方法整理国故”,这一见解更充分弘扬了 五四新文化的民主科学精神。与此同时,“整理国故运动”对中国传统文化的现实意义也作出了 积极肯定的评价,由是超越了简单一元的文化替代论,极大地深化了五四新文化运动对中西文化 问题的认识。

Relation of "Sorting out National Cultural Heritage" with the May-Fourth New Culture Movement

Sorting out the National Cultural Heritage Movement" (SNCHM for short) has long been repetitively criticized as a reactionary ideological adverse current that has deviated away from the orientation of the May-Fourth New Cultural Movement (MFNCM). In practice, the former has been originated from the latter; that is, the former has not deviated from the latter, but is a continuation and deepening of the latter, hence has forcefully impelled the modern Chinese learning transformation. From the aspect of research attitude and purpose, scholars such as HU Shi claim a "critical attitude" towards SNCHM, i.e. "recovering its original appearance", which is an apparent inheritance of the MFNCM rational critical spirit. And from the perspective of research target and methodology, they also sparkplug an "au pair insight" to widen the extension of SNCH; their summon of "SNCH in terms of scientific methodology" further fully enhances the scientific and democratic spirit of MFNCM. Meanwhile, SNCHM has a positive evaluation of the practical significance of the traditional Chinese culture, hence exceeds the simplistic monistic replacement viewpoint and maximally deepens the understanding of the Eastern and Western cultural issues in MFNCM.