论自然人都有民事责任能力

传统观点认为只有部分自然人有民事责任能力,和民事权利能力相冲突。自然人有无民事责任能力是考虑自然人有无行为能力的前提,有无行为能力是考虑自然人在过错责任原则下是否需要承担责任的前提。无责任能力的自然人基于衡平事由承担结果责任说明无责任能力的自然人是有民事责任能力的。传统观点中所界定的“民事责任能力”其实是自然人以自己的财产承担自己责任的条件,在自然人有民事责任能力的前提下才讨论传统观点中所界定的“民事责任能力”,是比民事责任能力低一个层次的问题。

On Capacity for Civil Liability of Natural Person

The traditional ideas which think that only part of natural person have capacity for civil liability is conflicted with capacity for civil rights. Whether natural person having capacity for civil liability or not is the premise to capacity for civil conduct,but natural person having capacity for civil conduct is the premise to civil liability under the liability for fault. Natural person without capacity for civil liability bears result liability under the imputation principle of "fairness" , which proves that natural person without capacity for civil liability has capacity for civil liability. The "capacity for civil liability" defined by traditional ideas is the prerequisite to natural person bearing own civil liability on own property. Natural person' s capacity for civil liability is the premise to "capacity for civil liability" defined by traditional ideals, these two concepts are not on the same logical level.