Winner takes all? Tech clusters,population centers,and the spatial transformation of U.S. invention |
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| Institution: | 1. Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States;2. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, United States;1. Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China;2. Department of Management, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia;3. Department of Management, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia;1. Department of Economics, Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, Ireland;2. Spatial and Regional Economics Research Centre, Department of Economics, Cork University Business School, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland;3. Enterprise Research Centre and Warwick Business School, Coventry, United Kingdom;1. Department of Economy, Management and Territory, University of Foggia, via da Zara 11, Foggia 71121, Italy;2. Department of Business and Economics, University of Naples Parthenope, Via Generale Parisi 13, Napoli 80132, Italy;1. University of South Carolina, Darla Moore School of Business, 1014 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States;2. Copenhagen Business School, Kilevej 14, Frederiksberg, Denmark;3. HEC Paris, 1 rue de la Liberation, Jouy en Josas, France;4. Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Católica Lisbon School of Business & Economics, Portugal, Palma de Cima, Lisboa 1649-023, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | U.S. invention has become increasingly concentrated around major tech centers since the 1970s, with implications for how much cities across the country share in concomitant local benefits. Is invention becoming a winner-takes-all race? We explore the rising spatial concentration of patents and identify an underlying stability in their distribution. Software patents have exploded to account for about half of patents today, and these patents are highly concentrated in tech centers. Tech centers also account for a growing share of non-software patents, but the reallocation, by contrast, is entirely from the five largest population centers in 1980. Non-software patenting is stable for most cities, with anchor tenants like universities playing important roles, suggesting the growing concentration of invention may be nearing its end. Immigrant inventors and new businesses aided in the spatial transformation.One Sentence SummaryThe growing concentration of patenting in tech centers masks an important stability in non-software patenting for most U.S. cities. |
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