社会创新视阈下的知识动员:一个理论分析框架

社会创新是解决贫困、环境污染、贫富分化加剧等社会问题的有效途径,社会创新与科技创新同等重要,但其成果转化和实践机制更为复杂,需知识生产者和知识使用者的交流与合作生产。知识动员能打通知识主体间的“藩篱”,有效对接知识生产者和知识使用者,改变知识主体间“各自为政”的局面,提升社会创新水平。现有关于知识动员和社会创新的文献呈碎片化,分散在不同的研究领域。研究以2007年-2020年间的224篇文献为样本,系统梳理了知识动员的概念框架、运行机制、演进范式,并基于四螺旋理论,探讨了知识动员与社会创新的关系,构建了社会创新视阈下知识动员的理论分析框架,为弥合社会创新的理论与实践鸿沟、有效推动社会创新研究成果转化提供理论支撑。研究结果表明,知识动员不同于传统的知识单向转移和线性传播,而是知识生产者和使用者的双向互动与知识的共享。知识动员具有复杂性、回应性、情境性、系统性等特点,是由知识生产者、知识使用者、知识中介以及所在情境等要素组成的复杂系统。知识动员包含了生产者拉动、使用者推动、知识交流和知识合作生产四种模式,经历了从线性模型到循环迭代模型的演化发展历程,其运行机制是一个包括研究、传播、利用和影响等阶段在内的循环迭代过程。在这个过程中,社会公众被纳入社会创新系统,形成了包括政府、大学、企业、公众在内的创新生态系统,不同知识主体不断交流互动,推动知识共同生产,实现价值增盈。

A study of knowledge mobilization in the perspective of social innovation: A Theoretical Framework

Social innovation is an effective way to solve social problems such as poverty, environmental pollution and the aggravation of polarization between the rich and the poor. Although social innovation is as important as scientific and technological innovation, its mechanism of transformation and practice is more complex, which requires the exchange and cooperative production of knowledge producers and knowledge users. Knowledge mobilization can break through the "barriers" among knowledge subjects, effectively connect knowledge producers and knowledge users, change the situation of "going their own way" between knowledge subjects, and improve the level of social innovation. The existing literature on knowledge mobilization and social innovation is fragmented and scattered in different research fields. Based on 224 literatures from 2007 to 2020, this paper systematically combs the conceptual framework, operation mechanism and evolution paradigm of knowledge mobilization, discusses the relationship between knowledge mobilization and social innovation based on the four helix theory, and constructs a theoretical analysis framework of knowledge mobilization from the perspective of social innovation, so as to provides theoretical guidance for bridging the gap between theory and practice of social innovation and effectively promoting the achievements transformation of social innovation. The results show that knowledge mobilization is different from the traditional one-way transfer and linear transmission of knowledge, but the two-way interaction and knowledge sharing between knowledge producers and users. Knowledge mobilization is a complex system composed of knowledge producers, knowledge users, knowledge intermediaries and their situations. Knowledge mobilization includes four modes: producer pull, user push, knowledge exchange and knowledge cooperative production. It has experienced the evolution from linear model to circular iterative model. Its operation mechanism is a circular iterative process including research, dissemination, utilization and influence. In this process, the public is embeded into the social innovation system, forming an innovation ecosystem including the government, universities, enterprises and the public. Different knowledge subjects constantly exchange and interact with each other to promote the co-production of knowledge and produce the value increase.