引才政策、空间溢出与创新提升———基于城市空间异质性的实证

人才引进政策对区域人才资源及其创新发展具有重要影响。文章采用2014-2019年中国60个大中城市空间面板数据,通过引才政策工具分类建立评价指标,基于要素流动的空间效应构建空间杜宾模型,实证检验引才政策及其空间溢出对区域创新发展的影响。研究发现：引才政策与城市创新绩效之间存在倒U型关系,经济发达地区的引才政策空间优于欠发达地区;引才政策对区域创新绩效的影响存在非线性U型空间溢出,推动区域整体创新能力提升。引才政策的空间溢出效应在不同城市存在显著差异,人才引进的规模效应对区域创新绩效提升具有“边际效应”递增的非线性特征,人才的流动速度与城市创新绩效提升正相关。研究结论对引才政策效果评估、完善地方引才差异化策略和区域人才布局工作具有启示意义。

Talent introduction policy,space spillover and innovation promotion -- Empirical analysis based on urban spatial heterogeneity

Talent introduction policy has an important influence on regional talent resources and their innovative development. Using the spatial panel data of 60 large and medium-sized cities in China from 2014 to 2019, an evaluation index was established through the classification of talent introduction policy tools, and a spatial Dubin model was constructed based on the spatial effect of factor flows to empirically test the impact of talent introduction policy and its spatial spillover on regional innovation and development. The results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between talent introduction policies and urban innovation performance. The space of talent introduction policies in economically developed regions is better than that in less developed regions. There is a nonlinear U-shaped spatial spillover in the influence of talent introduction policy on regional innovation performance, which promotes the improvement of regional overall innovation capability. The spatial spillover effect of talent introduction policies is significantly different in different cities. The scale effect of talent introduction has a nonlinear feature of increasing "marginal effect" on the improvement of regional innovation performance, and the flow speed of talent is positively correlated with the improvement of urban innovation performance. The conclusion of this study has implications for evaluating the effect of talent introduction policy, improving the differentiation strategy of local talent introduction and regional talent distribution.