清代的夫妻关系——基于《大清律例》与刑科档案的法文化考察

在清代,理学成为统治阶级所尊奉的正统学说,礼法所认可的夫妻关系依然是一种不平等的尊卑关系,几乎完全由夫对妻所享有的权利与妻对夫应尽的义务所构成。夫对妻所享有的权利包括财产权、教令权、休妻权、嫁卖权与杀妻权;妻对夫应尽的义务则包括从一而终的贞操义务、从夫而居的同居义务、为夫隐匿的容隐义务、夫丧期不再婚的义务与侍奉舅姑的赡养义务等。夫妻关系实际生活中的相互依存,不仅没有体现在清律中,反而被清律所打破。清律规定下如此一边倒的权利义务设置,成为导致清代夫妻相犯案件多发的直接原因。

Relationship between Spouses in the Qing Dynasty——Legal Cultural Probation within the Qing Code and the Criminal Division Files

In the Qing Dynasty,＂Li＂ became the orthodox doctrine enshrined in the country.The Qing Code showing the primacy of the husband right and chastity made the spouse relationship regarded as noble and humble.More specifically,the husband＇s rights include：property rights;disciplinary rights;abandonment rights;selling rights;even killing rights.The obligations of his wife include：chastity obligations,cohabitation,and shielded obligations,the obligation not to remarry,the obligation to support parents-in-laws,and etc.