西部地区能源开发综合效应评价

能源开发在经济发展和环境保护中具有明显的正负效应。本文对西部地区能源资源开发的综合效益做出了评价,结果表明:从经济促进作用上看,西部地区能源工业建设对经济发展的推动作用要比东部和中部两地区更为显著。从三大地区的能源消费效益情况看,50年来东部沿海地区的能源消费效益提高最为明显,中部次之,西部地区的改善速率最慢。能源开发的环境效益则表明:总体上西部地区点状环境污染的总体破坏程度与全国一般状态大体保持一致,但是从点状环境污染的空间格局上看,西北区甚于西南区;面状污染中,目前西部地区二氧化硫的污染状态较全国为重,其中西北区的二氧化硫污染程度略高于全国水平,西南区二氧化硫排放水平则超出全国均值水平70%以上;从碳排放量看,由于受到生产力发展的限制,西部地区在整个国家的能源消费格局中地位明显落后,因此,在碳排放方面西部地区保持着与全国同步的大态势。

Integrate Assessment of Energy Exploitation in Western China

Energy is the most important resource during industrialization.The exploitation and the utilization of energy not only promote the economic development but also generates great pollution.These polarization effects make energy important during the economic development and the environment protection.The abundant energy resource of Western China has made great contribution to the local development.This paper appraised the energy exploitation effect of Western China.The economic effect analysis of energy exploitation indicates that: the economic development of Western China is still in the elementary stage of industrialization,so the importance of energy industry to the local economic development in Western China is more significant than in Eastern and Middle China.The correlations between economy and energy consumption of Eastern,Middle and Western China is 0.9288,0.9826 and 0.9882,respectively.In the view of energy consumption benefit in three belts,the economic output per ton standard coal increased 4 times from 1962 to 2000,among which the increase of Eastern China is most apparent and the output enhances more than 5 times,but the output of Western China only enhances 1.25 times.The main reason is Western China's primordial industry structure wasted more energy,for example,the industry structure index of 11 western provinces was only about 1.4 in 1952 and rose to 5 at the end of 1980s and get to 10 until now. The environment effect analysis during the energy exploitation indicates: for a whole,the spot pollution extent of Western China kept pace with China's average level.But from the view of Western China's pollution distribution,the northwest has exceeded the southwest,and the spot pollution of Ningxia province is the most serious and the industry waste occupy index has exceeded-3.As for the regional pollution,the SO_2 pollution extent of Western China is more serious than national average level,Northwest China's SO_2 pollution only exceeded national average level a little,while Southwest China exceeded 70%.The main reason is the big coal consumption proportion of Chongqing city,Sichuan province and Guizhou province and the coal contains plenty of S.As to the CO_2 pollution,because of the limit of production,the energy consumption of Western China hangs behind that of China apparently,the CO_2 emission index of Western China is only 0.004 and China average is 0.003,so the CO_2 emission index of Western China is almost the same with China's average level.In general,the energy system efficiency of Western China is disharmonious with the environment pollution at present time apparently.