役畜借用习惯与近代华北村落共同体的变迁

摘要：近代华北农村中普遍流行着无偿借用役畜的习惯。那些土地不多，经营能力不强的农家依靠该习惯来解决农耕生产中的畜力缺乏问题。考察20世纪华北农村的役畜借用习惯，并与换工习惯以及役畜赁用习惯进行比较，可以窥见该时期村落共同体社会的变迁和时代动向，进而发现处于激烈社会变迁中的近代华北农村乃至整个中国农村的某些重要性格。

Working Livestock Leasing Custom and Transitions of North China Village Communities in Modern Times

The non-charging using of working livestock was widely practiced in North China in modern times. It helped those peasant families who lacked farmland or farming capacity to solve the problem of shortage in livestock. By investigating into the practice of working livestock leasing in 20th century＇s rural areas of North China and comparing it with the custom of labor exchange and hired working livestock leas- ing, one can perceive the social trends and changes happened in village community at that time, so as to find the characteristic of the village in North or even whole China under server social changes in modern times.