| 摘 要： | Focusing on metallic glasses as model systems, we review the features and mechanisms of the β-relaxations,which are intrinsic and universal to supercooled liquids and glasses, and demonstrate their importance in understanding many crucial unresolved issues in glassy physics and materials science, including glass transition phenomena, mechanical properties, shear-banding dynamics and deformation mechanisms,difusion and the breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein relation as well as crystallization and stability of glasses.We illustrate that it is an atractive prospect to incorporate these insights into the design of new glassy materials with extraordinary properties. We also outline important questions regarding the nature ofβ-relaxations and highlight some emerging research directions in this still-evolving ield.
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