地方化与职业化:欧洲一些大学发展的两个侧面

体制的地方化和培养的职业化是近年来欧洲一些大学发展的共性之一,也体现了一定的国际化趋势.法国高等教育的管理由纵向调节逐步向横向调节过渡,西班牙则是五类大学竞争,法国和德国高等教育当中的职业技术方向不断发展,法国甚至设置了职业学士学位.这些新动向为大学的发展提供了新机遇,也向大学传统的观念和模式提出了新挑战.

Localization and Professionalism: Two Developing Trends of Some European Universities

The localization of the system and the professionalism of the higher education are becoming two trends of some European universities recently. In France, the management of the higher education is in the transition from vertical to horizontal regulation. In Spain, there now exists the contest among five types of universities. Vocational higher education is continuously developing in France and German. In France, there is even the professional master' s degree. These new trends provide new opportunities for the development of universities as well as the new challenge to the traditional ideas and models of universities.