Supervision for teacher development: an alternative model for Pakistan |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, Italy;2. INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, LNGS, and Gran Sasso Science Institute, GSSI, Assergi, Italy;3. INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy;4. Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland;5. Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany;6. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia;7. Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium;8. Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany;9. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy;10. INFN Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy;11. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano e INFN Milano, Milan, Italy;12. Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia;13. Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia;14. National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia;15. Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich, Germany;p. Physik Department and Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany;q. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell‘Università di Padova, Padova, Italy;r. INFN Padova, Padova, Italy;s. Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen, Germany;t. Physik Institut der Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland;u. also at: Moscow Inst. of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia;v. also at: Int. Univ. for Nature, Society and Man “Dubna”, Dubna, Russia |
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| Abstract: | The current supervisory system in Pakistan obviously does not contribute to teachers' professional development. An alternative model which combines supervisory pressure and support; where professional development is linked to school performance; and supervisory responsibilities are shared among external supervisors, heads and supervisory teachers in a network of schools is proposed. It is claimed that this model has the potential to create additional, more appropriate and more accessible resources for supervision. However, efforts to implement it will be met with some resistance. The sources of and reasons for this resistance are identified for further study. |
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