青少年复原力研究及其对灾后心理重建的启示

灾难事件虽然会给青少年带来一定的身心创伤,但也会不同程度地激发他们内在的复原力,发展出对抗灾难的勇气和智慧,并让他们获得自身的成长。汶川地震灾后,青少年的复原力能够直接降低PTSD,提升自尊,发展应对技巧和能力,促进社会交往并获得更多社会支持。激发灾后青少年复原力需要从个人、家庭、学校以及社会四个层面促进危险因子、压力事件与保护因子之间的平衡。因此,灾后青少年心理重建需要强调＂优势为本＂以及赋权的价值理念,坚持人与环境互动的运作框架,灵活运用多学科的工作方法,实施在地化和文化敏感性的心理重建策略。

Research on Adolescent Resilience and the Enlightenment to Post-disaster Psychological Rehabilitation

Although disaster brings certain physical and mental trauma to adolescents,it stimulates their intrinsic resilience,develops their courage and wisdom to confront the disaster,and helps their growth.After the Wenchuan earthquake,adolescent resilience makes difference in directly reducing PTSD,enhancing the self-respect,developing skills and abilities to deal with disasters,and promoting social interaction to obtain more support.To stimulate adolescent resilience demand constructing the balance among the dangerous factors,the pressure event and protection factors from the aspects of individual,family,school as well as society.Besides,the rehabilitation requires emphasizing the value of strengths-centered and empowerment,adopting interactive operational frame between human and environment,implementing multi-disciplinary methods and psychological reconstruction strategies concerning the region and cultural sensitivity.