孤儿错误信念认知与情绪理解发展及教育对策

研究用2个心理理论范式测量错误信念认知和情绪理解能力,比较33名孤儿和33名非孤儿的表现,并分析了错误信念认知和情绪理解的关系。结果显示:(1)孤儿错误信念认知水平发展趋势与非孤儿一致,但孤儿的错误信念认知能力发展显著低于非孤儿;(2)孤儿的情绪理解发展趋势和水平与非孤儿基本一致;(3)儿童(包括孤儿)错误信念认知和情绪理解在3-5岁期间发生明显变化,大多数儿童在5岁时已基本具备错误信念认知和情绪理解的能力,4岁是儿童错误信念认知和情绪理解能力发展的重要年龄;(4)儿童错误信念认知与情绪理解关系密切。

On Orphans' False Belief Cognition and the Development of Their Emotion Understanding and Relevant Countermeasures

This study uses 2 paradigms of the theory of mind to test the false belief cognition and emotion understanding from 33 orphans and 33 non-orphans,and analyzes the relationship between their false belief cognition and emotion understanding.The results show the following:(1) The orphans tend to be similar to the non-orphans in the development of false belief cognition,but the orphans show a significantly poorer ability in false belief cognition.(2) The orphans tend to be similar to the non-orphans in the development of emotion understanding.(3) The children(including the orphans) aged 3-5 show distinctive changes in false belief cognition and emotion understanding;most 5-year-olds have the ability in false belief cognition and emotion understanding;the children at the age of 4 have the best opportunity to develop their false belief cognition and emotion understanding.(4) The children’s false belief cognition is closely related to their emotion understanding.