从审美方式比较康德与庄子的自然美思想

康德主张"审美不涉利害",并由此对自然美的形式、内容作出了相应的阐释。庄子则提倡以"无为"的审美方式观照自然美,进而崇尚自然万物的本然状态。二者均强调自然美排除一切人工雕琢和矫情伪饰,顺乎自然事物和人类的自由本性。同时,他们对于自然美的认识又有着本质的区别:(1)形式上,康德认为自然美具有"合目的性"的主观形式,庄子眼中的自然美则无处不在,是超越形式的存在,具有"无目的性"的无限形式;(2)内容上,康德所认为的自然美是"有为"发展的,而庄子意识中的自然美是一种"无为"存在。

An Aesthetic Comparison of Thoughts on Natural Beauty by Kant and Zhuangzi

Kant advocated "Aesthetic does not involve stake",and thus made corresponding explication to the form and content of natural beauty.Zhuangzi advocated the aesthetic manner of "inaction" to view natural beauty,thereby upholding the innate state of the natural things.Both of them stressed all the natural beauty and priced in eliminating artificial carving,in accordance with the natural things and the freedom of human nature.Meanwhile,they had essentially different recognition of the natural beauty: first,in the forms,Kant thought that natural beauty had "purposeful" subjective form,but in the Zhuangzi's eyes,natural beauty was in everywhere,beyond forms of existence,not being limited by purposes and form;second,in the contents,Kant believed the natural beauty was "ambitious" development,and in Zhuangzi's mind natural beauty was a kind of "inactive" existence.