我国小学科学教科书70年回顾与展望——文化视角的审视

中华人民共和国成立后,小学科学教科书经历了过波、苏化、本土化、改革开放再到素养教育的发展阶段。70年的小学科学教科书变革围绕三种科学文化更替展开,它既是编者对科学及科学教育的重新理解与诠释,也是科学教育由“小”自然向“大”科学,即由知识学习向科学的活动、情感、态度、精神等逐渐拓展的科学文化教育过程。发展至今的小学科学教科书实现了学习目标、内容、方法、场所的四大超越,从而完成了从科学知识教育向科学文化教育的转型。小学科学教科书发展的历史经验为未来的科学教育变革指明了道路。

A Retrospective and Prospective Review of the Science Textbooks in Primary Schools over the Past 70 Years in China:From the Cultural Perspective

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the science textbooks in primary schools have experienced the development stages of transition, Sovietization, localization, reform and opening-up, and quality education. The 70 years5 reform of the science textbooks in primary schools revolves around the replacement of three kinds of science and culture. It’s not only the editors’ reunderstanding and interpretation of science and science education, but also a gradually expanded process of the science education from “small” nature to “big” science. That is to say, it is a gradual expansion process of the scientific and cultural education from knowledge learning to scientific activities, emotions, attitudes and spirits. The science textbooks in primary schools which have developed so far have achieved four major transcendences in learning objectives, contents, methods and places, and thus complete the transition from the education of science and knowledge to the education of science and culture. The historical experience of the development of science textbooks in primary schools has pointed out the direction for the reform of science education in the future.