风味 感兴 透脱——杨万里诗学思想刍议

杨万里早年曾习江西诗法,因此其诗学思想留下了江西诗学的烙印,他主张诗歌讽喻时政要怨而不怒,与黄庭坚所倡导儒家"温柔敦厚"诗教近;学古人句律不用其句意而学其风味。时代的巨变和亲身的生活阅历,走出江西诗派的樊篱的杨万里提出了"感兴"说,言诗人直接从大自然中获得创作灵感和激情,它远绍魏晋感物起情说,近承陈与义感物兴发论,对向书本材料讨生活的江西诗派末流具有纠偏救弊的现实意义。心师造化、取法自然的同时,杨万里并不否定对前人诗作的研习,但须"参"须"透脱",才能妙悟其风味,这一诗学思想是对黄庭坚诗学思想的总结和提升。

Savor,Sense of interest and Unconstraint --On the Poetics Thinking of Yang Wanli

The poetics thinking of Yang Wanli is branded by the Jiangxi poetics for he had learned the Jiangxi Poets Group＇ s style when he was young. He proposed the poems should not show the anger when satirizing current politics, which is closed to the tender and gentle poems advocated by Huang Tingjian, and he also suggested that we should learn from the savor but not the syntactic meaning. We learn the ancients＇ form, but we can form our savor. The huge change of that era and his experiences enable him to put forward the theory of ＂sense of interest＂. Poets can be inspired by the nature. This theory stemmed from ＂interaction between spirits and object＂ of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and then Chen Yuyi developed it. It pointed out the Late Jiangxi poetics＇ mistake caused by only learning from the books. Following the nature, Yang thought that we must be unconstraint when we research the predeeessor＇s merit. This is the conclusion and improvement of the Huang Tingjian＇ s poetics.