清末新政时期自开商埠的设置

自开商埠是近代中国区别于条约口岸的口岸类型,1898年首批自开商埠设置之后,清廷曾下令“展拓商埠”,但除了广西南宁之外,应寥寥。大量商埠的自开是1901年以后的事。此时,经过义和团运动的教训,在新政的有力推动下,自开商埠开始成批涌现。新政期间,中国主动开放的通商口岸不仅数量多,而且城市的规模等级也明显提高,自开商埠成批出现,不仅有利于抵制列强侵略,而且有利于所在城镇社会经济的发展。

Establishment of Non-Treaty Port in New Policy Period of Late Qing

In 1898 after the first establishment of non-treaty ports, a kind of port different from treaty-port in modern China, the Qing government orders to "develop commercial ports", but few positively respond except Nanning, Guangxi. Large-scale establishment occurs after 1901, resulting from the lesson of the Yihetuan Movement and the promotion of the new policy. The new policy period witnesses an increase in cities' dimension as well as a large number of non-treaty ports, which is conducive not only to resistance to foreign aggression but also to social economical development of cities and towns.