试论部落的性质和政治体制

部落是原始社会向阶级社会过渡中出现的一种特殊的社会组织形式，部落是由互相通婚的几个氏族组成。其特点是：有自己的名称、地域、方言、首领、议事会、宗教和风俗等。通过对部落的概念、政治体制及特点的分析，可以看出部落是一个政治体制较为完备的，且不断发展着的社会政治组织。进入阶级社会后，由于部落政治制度的特殊性，其残余势力将会保留相当长的时间，但已与原来的部落有很大差别。对部落的研究，有助于对我国少数民族，特别是游牧民族，如蒙古族、藏族、裕固族和哈萨克族等的部落政治社会的进一步了解。

On the Character of Tribes and the Political System

The tribe is a special form of social organization which occurs in the transition from the primitive society to class society. It consists of several clans related by mutual marriage. It is characterized by its own name, territary, dialect, chieftain, decision-making meeting, religion and custom, etc.. This article deals with be questions of 1)the concept of a tribe; 2) the political system of a tribe; and 3) the characteristics of a tribe. It will be clear from thediscussion that the tribe is comparatively a complete socio-political organization, and never stope developing. Owing to itspeculiar political system, its surviving forces will persist for a long time, but they are quite different from its mother tribe.Investigating the tribe will contribute to our understanding of the minority nationalities, particularly to our furtherunderstanding of such tribal political societies as the Mongolian nationality's, the Zang nationalty's, the Yugurnationality's, the Hazak nationality's, etc.