20世纪中国科学教育的文化批评

从当代科学哲学和科学社会学的视角出发,本分析了20世纪不同版本历史、语和物理教材中的科学化,认为其存在以下有待完善的地方：在科学观方面,应该进一步强调科学问题、科学假设作为科学活动重要的组成部分,深刻阐明科学是一种社会建制的思想;在科学价值观方面,应该充分阐明科学的负面价值与内在价值;在科学发展观方面,应当修正“科学成就史观”和“个人英雄史观”,确立“问题史观”,突出科学问题、科学论争与科学家共同体在推动科学发展中的重要作用;在科学家的形象表征方面,应该注意表现科学家从事科学工作更为重要的一些专业性品质。

Cultural Critique on Chinese Science Education in the 20th Century

From the perspectives of current philosophy of science and sociology of science, this paper analyzes a science culture inherent in the different versions of history, Chinese, and physics textbooks in the 20th century. It claims that this sort of science culture should be reconsidered and consummated in the following aspects: with regard to the notion of science, problems and hypothesis should be taken as the most important parts of scientific activities. Meanwhile, it is necessary to clarify science as a sort of social institution. As for the values of science, these textbooks should clearly illustrate the negative and inherent values to students. In respect of science development, these textbooks must substitute"history of science problems" for "history of science achievements" or "history of heroes", which emphasizes the vital role of science problems, debates and community in the process of science progress. At last, given the images of scientists, some professional virtues and qualities should be demonstrated sufficiently.