西方制度伦理的主要人性假设

制度既具有强制性,又有一定的伦理性,它与一定的习俗、道德传统密切相连,并与人的现实性即人的需要和本性密不可分。对人性的不同认识在很大程度上导致了对制度及其正当性的不同理解。与中国传统文化的人性观不同,西方主导文化所持的人性恶论和理性主义,使得西方的制度伦理呈现出独特的景象。从总体来看,人性恶思想在西方制度伦理中占据主导地位,对理性的假设和认识则经历了从承认理性的存在到肯定完全理性,再到坚持有限理性等主要阶段。

The Main Human Nature Hypothesis in the Western System Ethics

The system,which is connected with certain custom,moral tradition closely,and relates to the human needs and human nature,has not only compulsory nature,but also certain ethical nature.Different understandings of the human nature cause to different understanding of the system and its validity.Different from the Chinese traditional human nature view,the Western leading culture regards the human nature as wicked and rationalistic,which makes the Western system ethics present its unique feature.Above all,the Western system ethics holds the human nature is wicked,from the acknowledgment of the rationality to the complete rationality view,and to the limited rationality hypothesis,their understandings of the rationality has experienced several main stages.