| 摘 要： | Harrison believes there is a fundamental error inTipler’s biological model of the expansion of intelligentlife.“It assumes that extraterrestrials share the motivations of humans。”he says.“However,life may evolve toa level beyond imagination,and its motivations may beutterly incomprehensible to us.”Tipler counters that heassumes only that intelligent life forms behave like allknown life forms on Earth,all of which go through adispersal phase.He says it is time astronomers admittedthat intelligent life is subject to the same evolutionarylaws as other life. Other possible explanations for the absence of ex-traterrestrials in our neighborhood include the“self-destruction hypothesis” and the“contemplation hypoth—
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