文庙生态:概念、案例分析及意义

文庙延续至今，显示了其顽强的生命力。它如同自然界的生物一般，因受多种自然、人文环境因素的影响，而形成了自身特殊的生态。从生态的角度认识、考察、解读文庙，是当前进行“文庙”及“文庙学”研究的一个新尝试。通过对湖南现存规模最大、保存最完整的宁远文庙发展历程的考察可知，自然生态是文庙生成的土壤；人文生态是文庙存在的灵魂；社会生态是文庙延续的动力。文庙与各种因素不断地交织和交融后，所形成的既具国家意志又具地方特色的“庙学合一”的生态教化空间，是文庙生命力的根基和保障。同时发现，文庙生态的存在对当代文化教育发展及学校建设也具有一定借鉴意义。

A Case Study of Confucian Temples in the Perspective of Ecology

It is a new attempt to study the “Confucian Temple” from the perspective of ecology to better understand and interpret the educational space of Confucian Temples. Since the birth of the Confucian Temple, it has formed a deep marriage with cultural education full of strong vitality like all living things in nature, thus developing in various environmental factors of nature, humanities and society. This article studied the case of the largest and well-preserved Ningyuan Confucian Temple in Hunan Province. It found that the natural ecology is the soil where a Confucian Temple is rooted, that the human ecology is the soul of a Confucian Temple, and that the social ecology is the continuation of a Confucian Temple. It suggested that these ecological factors are constantly intertwined and blended to shape the ecological space to integrate a Confucian temple and a school with both national will and local characteristics as the foundation and guarantee of its vitality. The findings implied that the ecology of a Confucian temple is helpful to the development of cultural education and the establishment of schools