西方自然历史博物馆展陈变迁——从以文化和艺术为主的综合性视角出发

西方自然历史博物馆的展陈设计向来不是仅以科学作为独立的支撑。在其变迁中,艺术与文化的影响不可小觑。本文从西方历史、宗教和文化的背景出发,分析长期以来在自然历史博物馆的展陈设计中所隐含的科学观念与艺术文化现象,及其设计方式和影响范围。最后对新型自然历史博物馆所在学科理念和理论依据方面可尝试的突破方向做出了预期。

The Evolution of Exhibitions of Natural History Museums in Western Countries:From a Comprehensive Perspective Focusing on Culture and Art

Natural history museums in western countries had never taken science as the only supporting strength for exhibition design. During its evolution, the influence of art and culture cannot be underestimated. This paper, beginning from western history, religion and culture background, analyzes the scientific ideas, cultural and artistic phenomenon long-term implicated in exhibition design of natural history museums, as well as its design method and influence range. At the end of the paper, it makes expectation of some attemptable breakthrough directions for subject concept and theoretical foundation of new type of natural history museums.