| 摘 要： | "Humanism" is one of those constructs that people argue about passionately. Instead of attempting to define it, perhaps it makes more sense to focus on some commonly agreed characteristics of humanism. These are: problem solving, reasoning, free will, self-development, and cooperation. Humanism and learning theory Perhaps the most well-known applications of humanism in ELT are those of Curran (1976) and Gattegno (1972), * The former advocated the use of "Counselling-Learning". In this practice, teachers sit outside a circle of learners and help them to talk about their personal and linguistic problems. The students decide the "curriculum", while the
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